The fluorescence dyecontaining inner drops are formed in the dripping regime17 from the small injection tube in a coflow. Monodisperse gasfilled microparticles from reactions in double emulsions wynter j. Pdf monodisperse double emulsions generated from a. Various industries, including the food cosmetics industries, are showing evident interest in the technological development of. A microfluidic device having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components is exploited for production of multiplephase emulsions.
The third distinct double emulsion is the case of corecoalesced. Pharmaceuticals, such as anesthetics of ow emulsions, lipid emulsions, double and multiple emulsions paints, such as emulsions of alkyd resins and latex emulsions drycleaning formulations. Double emulsions may be either of the waterinoilinwater type wow with. Capillary microfluidic device and the formation of precisely controlled monodisperse double emulsions. Controllable monodisperse multiple emulsions softmatter. A nanotube of cyclic porphyrin dimers connected by nonclassical hydrogen bonds and its inclusion of c60 in a linear arrangement. The double emulsions generated from microcapillary devices are very monodisperse as evidenced by the hexagonal.
We show that the high uniformity in size and shape of the templates are maintained in the final phospholipid vesicles after a solvent removal. Simple and cheap microfluidic devices for preparation of. Controlled production of monodisperse double emulsions by twostep droplet breakup in microfluidic devices shingo okushima, takasi nisisako, toru torii, and toshiro higuchi department of precision engineering, graduate school of engineering, the university of tokyo, 731 hongo, bunkyoku, tokyo, 18656, japan. Formation of block copolymerstabilized double emulsions. Double emulsions are dispersions of a third liquid inside the droplets of the first emulsion. Part of the problem is that when a double emulsion containing water has sugar or salt in one of the other phases, the combination creates osmotic pressure. Our proposed method efficiently produces monodisperse double emulsions having 48. Monodisperse double emulsions generated from a microcapillary device. Droplet microfluidics, which can generate monodisperse droplets or bubbles in unlimited numbers, at high speed and with complex structures, have been extensively investigated in chemical and biological fields. Double waterinoilinwater emulsions are interesting systems for encapsulation of hydrophilic drugs see figure 1as vitamin b12 or a suspension of. Controlled formulation of monodisperse double emulsions in. Simultaneous spherical crystallization and coformulation. Waterinoilinwater emulsions are examples of double emulsions, in which dispersions of small water droplets within larger oil droplets are themselves dispersed in. These are thermodynamically stabilized by a set of lipophilic and hydrophilic surfactants dissolved in the intermediate phase and the external phase.
In the first one, a turbulent flow is employed while in the second one, we apply a laminar shear flow to produce calibrated globules. Each emulsification step results in a highly polydisperse droplet distri bution, exacerbating the polydispersity of the final double emulsion. Glasscapillary microfluidics is used to generate monodisperse double emulsion templates. Double emulsions are highly structured fluids consisting of emulsion drops that contain smaller droplets inside.
Controlled production of monodisperse double emulsions by twostep droplet breakup in microfluidic devices. Pdf double emulsions are highly structured fluids consisting of emulsion drops that contain smaller droplets inside. Allaqueous coreshell droplets have recently been generated through a process of spontaneous phase separation. Simple and cheap microfluidic devices for the preparation. Using rotorstator mixers, monodisperse double emulsions were prepared in a. Monodisperse waterinoilinwater wow double emulsions with a. Formation of monodisperse double emulsion droplets. Double emulsion templated monodisperse phospholipid. Indeed, double emulsions present many interesting possibilities for the controlled release of chemical substances initially entrapped in the internal droplets. Microfluidic generation of tunable monodisperse double emulsions for templated silica particles frank j. Monodisperse double emulsions generated from a microcapillary. Double emulsion system creates monodisperse double emulsions. Double emulsions are useful geometries as templates for coreshell particles, hollow sphere capsules, and for the production of biomedical delivery vehicles. Designer microcapsules, dropmaker wettability patterning, and parallelization view open nawardissertation2019.
Monodisperse double emulsions generated from a microcapillary device a. Preparation processes of monodisperse owo emulsions encapsulating two oil droplets containing different contents in a simple double crossjunction device. All double emulsion generation processes were monitored with the microscope using a high speed camera. Introduction double emulsions are complex soft colloidal systems in which droplets of the dispersed phase themselves contain even smaller droplets. In microfluidics, two approaches are currently being pursued for the preparation of microfluidic double emulsion devices. Microfluidic fabrication of monodisperse biocompatible and. B the 2 reagent chip, one fo the chips that was used in the second stage for converting the emulsions to double emulsions. Droplets produced at each junction could have narrow. Results and discussion monodisperse double emulsions are generated with a glass. For producing waterinoilinwater wow dispersions, aqueous droplets ruptured at the upstream hydrophobic junction are enclosed within organic droplets formed at the downstream hydrophilic junction. Microfluidic devices fabricated using stereolithography.
Weitz1,2 double emulsions are highly structured fluids consisting of emulsion drops that contain smaller droplets. Controllable monodisperse multiple emulsions the authors. Monodisperse wow double emulsions stabilized by a diblock polymer of peg5000bpla5000 are prepared in glass microcapillary devices,16 as shown schematically in figure 1. Double emulsions are emulsions within emulsions, i. Double emulsion templated monodisperse phospholipid vesicles. Microfluidic generation of tunable monodisperse double.
Model emulsions, with monodisperse droplets, cannot be. A singlestep microfluidicbased synthesis process of mes is presented to. We present a novel approach for fabricating monodisperse phospholipid vesicles with high encapsulation efficiency using controlled double emulsions as templates. Monodisperse www double emulsion induced by phase separation. After the nanoparticle stabilized double emulsions are collected, the oil phase is removed by evaporation, leading to the formation of nanoparticle colloidosomes through dense packing of nanoparticles as shown schematically in figure 1b. Simple and inexpensive microfluidic devices for the. Multiple emulsions mes contain a drop laden with many microdroplets. The process of lipid vesicle formation from double emulsions and the resulting lipid vesicles were imaged with a digital camera. Generation of emulsion droplets and connecting repositories. Lab on a chip experimental soft condensed matter group. Using this constraint we then have for the free energy density f. Double emulsiontemplated monodisperse phospholipid.
We show that the high uniformity in size and shape of the templates are maintained in the final phospholipid vesicles after a solvent removal step. The unselective emulsification of the primary wo emulsion in the second aqueous phase leads to a high number of empty oil droplets, which. The key elements of the system are the mitos ppump, which delivers precise flow to ensure droplet monodispersity, and the glass double emulsion chip which has a hydrophobic capillary and hydrophilic flow focusing droplet junction, enabling the formation of droplets ranging from 80 to 120. Weitz, school of engineering and applied sciences and department of physics, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts 028, united states abstract. Highthroughput production of micrometer sized double. Higuchi, controlled production of monodisperse double emulsions by twostep droplet breakup in microfluidic devices, langmuir, 20, pp. Monodisperse wow double emulsions stabilized by a diblock polymer of peg5000bpla5000 are prepared in glass microcapillary devices,16 as shown schematically in fig.
Cydia pomonella granulovirus, used in organic agriculture to protect fruits against the carpocapse insect. The effect of geometrical parameters of the devices and the operating flow rates on the morphology, dimensions, and structure of monodisperse double emulsions is investigated and quantified using simple quantitative models. The capillary device shown in the image above was made from polyethylene tubing, syringes, a harvard apparatus syringe pump, and a highspeed camera attached to a microscope. The use of double emulsions as compartments for flow cytometry has been limited so far to polydisperse droplet samples, produced by bulk emulsification techniques. Using a microcapillary device, we fabricated double emulsions that contained a single internal droplet in a core. Monodisperse double emulsions generated from a microcapillary device article pdf available in science 3085721. The first approach utilizes soft lithography, where many identical doubleflowfocusing channel geometries are. Although double emulsions are potentially of commercial value, traditional fabrication by means of two emulsification steps leads to very illcontrolled structuring. Pdf in situ microfluidic method for the generation of. Two different methods were developed to produce quasimonodisperse globules. Double emulsiontemplated monodisperse phospholipid vesicles. A monolithically threedimensional flowfocusing device. Monodisperse double emulsions made by varying the flow rates of the fluids while using the same device. Double emulsions have a high potential for applicability within the commercial field, because the middle liquid shields the inner liquid from the outer and so allows for effective.
However, most current methods for fabricating microfluidic devices, such as glass etching, soft lit. Primary emulsion droplets were formed in a fluorocarboncoated chip figure figure2a 2 a in which a surfactantcontaining fluorous oil carrier phase meets an aqueous stream at a flowfocusing junction figure figure2b. Our approach suggests a new route to apply dropletbased micro. Monodisperse gasfilled microparticles from reactions in. If you have not installed and configured the adobe acrobat reader on your system, please. Issues with double emulsions 23 to date, there are no products on the market that contain double emulsions, because they are difficult to keep stable and also to manufacture in volume. Here we present a straightforward method to generate monodisperse wow double emulsion droplet compartments in a single microfluidic device. Monodisperse wow double emulsions are prepared in glass microcapillary devices, which has been described previously. Nanoscale double emulsions stabilized by singlecomponent. Herein, we report the design of a simple and inexpensive micro.
Forced generation of simple and double emulsions in all. Monodisperse waterinoilinwater wow double emulsion. Optical micrographs of the a formation of monodisperse owo double emulsions in the microfluidic device at flow rates of the inner oil, middle water, and outer oil phases of 0. Weitz1,2 double emulsions are highly structured fluids consisting of emulsion drops that contain smaller droplets inside. Controllable monodisperse multiple emulsions chu 2007. Controlled production of monodisperse double emulsions by. By implementing this method on a modied micro uidic device, we directly generate waterinwaterinwater www double emulsions with good control over the size and the number of encapsulated droplets. The result is the first system that is able to create monodisperse emulsions with. This response can be used to generate monodisperse double emulsions when the viscosity of the mixed core. Rapid and highly controlled generation of monodisperse. Controlled production of monodisperse double emulsions by two.
Polydisperse double emulsion, corresponding monodisperse double emulsion and method for preparing the monodisperse emulsion. Double emulsions may be either of the waterinoilinwater type. Elaboration and time stability study of capsules made of. Only two ppumps were connected, one with the surfactantemulsion blend picosurf, and one with inert driving. Duncanson, alireza abbaspourrad, ho cheung shum, shinhyun kim, laura l.